Fatimah Nosrati; Ali Massah Bavani; Bagher Ghobari Bonab
Volume 23, Issue 10 , 2021
Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury is a prevalent phenomenon, especially among adolescents, with substantial personal and social consequences. To reduce such behaviors, differential reinforcement of other behaviors has gained substantial empirical support. However, previous investigations on the efficacy ...
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Background: Non-suicidal self-injury is a prevalent phenomenon, especially among adolescents, with substantial personal and social consequences. To reduce such behaviors, differential reinforcement of other behaviors has gained substantial empirical support. However, previous investigations on the efficacy of this approach have mostly focused on individuals with developmental disorders, and it is still unknown whether such an approach is a viable treatment option for typically developed individuals.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behaviors in reducing non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in typically developed adolescents.
Methods: A single-subject A-B-A-B design was used in this study. The statistical population included male adolescents with self-injurious behaviors, the families of whom were seeking treatment for these behaviors. In total, four adolescents were recruited from a psychology clinic in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling. Participants were observed at 6, 8, 10, and 12 sessions at baseline phases of A1 and A2, followed by 12 intervention sessions after each baseline phase. The intervention included differential reinforcement of other behaviors. If the participants showed no self-injury behavior within a specific time duration, a reward was provided. Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors included self-harm, hair pulling, severe itching, pinching, wound manipulation, and hand biting. The frequency of these behaviors was assessed during each session. Visual analysis of graphed data, percentage of non-overlapping data, and mean percentage improvement were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed a fairly reliable effect for the intervention on reducing the target behavior, as indicated by a frequency reduction from phase A1 to B1 and A2 to B2 and by a frequency elevation by the intervention withdrawal from B1 to A2. The average percentage reduction across participants was obtained at 56%. However, a low rate of self-injury remained consistent for the participants.
Conclusion: The results provided further evidence on the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behaviors in reducing self-injury behaviors. Although the intervention could reduce self-injury substantially, it seemed that it could not eliminate the behavior.
Hossein Keshavarz-Afshar; Fatimah Nosrati; Esfandiar Azad-Marzabadi; Noshin Eslahi; Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki; Fahimeh Ghahvehchi-Hosseini
Volume 19, Issue 6 , June 2017, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Marital satisfaction is as an important factor in family function. Considering incompatibility between couples, some approaches such as construct therapy could be effective in marital satisfaction.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personal construct analysis model ...
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Background: Marital satisfaction is as an important factor in family function. Considering incompatibility between couples, some approaches such as construct therapy could be effective in marital satisfaction.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personal construct analysis model in marital satisfaction.Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and fallow up design. The population was consisted of couples referring to counseling centers in Tehran (Iran) due to marital conflict during 2011 - 2013. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups (Treatment (T) and Control (C)) of 15 pairs each. The treatment group received 10 weekly sessions of intervention. The data were collected by enrich marital satisfaction short form 47-item questionnaire and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance.Results: The mean differences in variables including personality issues (T = 2.96, C = -0.6, P < 0.001), communication (T = 4.83, C = -0.07, P < 0.001), conflict resolution (G1 = 2.7, C = -1.03, P < 0.001), financial management (T = 1.2, G2 = -0.77, P < 0.001), leisure activities (T = 0.6, G2 = -0.76, P < 0.001), sexual relationship (T = 0.6, C = -0.76, P < 0.001), children and parenting (T = 2.6, C = -0.54, P < 0.001), family and friends (T = 1.9, C = -0.66, P < 0.001), and religious orientation (T = 0.83, C = -0.37, P < 0.001) were positive in the treatment group and negative in the control group.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that personal construct analysis model can be used as an alternative intervention for marital distress
